TB notification rate is the number of TB cases notified over a specified time period for a specified population, usually per lakh. It indicates how many cases have been diagnosed and informed to the National TB Elimination Program.
It is mostly calculated annually, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TB is caused due to the infection by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
People who have been exposed to patients with infectious TB are known as TB contacts; they constitute a high-risk group for TB. Case finding investigation contributes to the early detection of TB cases, and results in identifying a significant number of additional patients.
Figure: Approaches to Tuberculosis Case Finding
The National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) of India was launched in 1962. It relied on BCG, X-ray based diagnosis and Streptomycin and INH based treatment centralized at district level.
The Government of India has committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) targets related to ending TB by 2025 (5 years ahead of the global target). This would mean that in 2025, the 2030 target of achieving 80% reduction in incidence, 90% reduction in deaths due to TB compared to that of 2015, is to be achieved.
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Figure: Causative agent for Tuberculosis is Bacillus: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)
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