National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) is a centrally sponsored programme being implemented under the aegis of National Health Mission.
National Level: Managed by Central TB Division (CTD), the technical arm of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)
The National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB elimination 2017–25 is a bold strategic framework to drive the acceleration of progress toward TB Elimination, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and End TB targets for India. It expects to guide the activities of all stakeholders including the national and state governments, development partners, civil society organizations, international agencies, research institutions, private sector, and many others whose work is relevant to TB elimination in India.
The Standards for TB Care in India (STCI), which is a locally customized version of the International Standards of Tuberculosis Care,
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, chronic, granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually involves the lungs but may affect any organ or tissue in the body.
The pathogenesis of TB in a previously unexposed immunocompetent individual is centred on the development of cell-mediated immunity. This confers resistance to the organism and results in the development of tissue hypersensitivity to tubercular antigens.
TB is one of the top burdensome infectious diseases in India. It is estimated that, around 1/4th (26%) of the world's TB cases are in India, translating to about 30 Lakhs new TB cases emerging each year (TB incidence). Against this estimated incidence the National TB Elimination program reported around 19 lakh new and relapse cases in the year 2021.
Tuberculosis is transmitted mainly through the air via droplet nuclei generated when a TB patient coughs or sneezes.
It is estimated that every sputum smear-positive patient spreads the infection to 10 – 15 persons annually, if untreated..
Figure: Transmission of TB bacteria through air via droplet
Resources:
Environmental conditions have a huge role in the development of TB disease and are an important component of the epidemiological triad for TB disease.
The various environmental factors influencing TB are:
Host factors in TB disease are various factors/attributes of the host(person who is developing TB disease/infection).
The various host factors are as follows:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae cause Tuberculosis (TB).
These are rod shaped bacilli and require oxygen to survive (aerobic bacteria).
The following characteristics of these bacilli help them to survive in human body for a long time and resist the action of drugs: