A0

The patient is overweight/obese and thus require additional care

Assess

Evaluate the patient for diabetes. Advise an appropriate balanced diet and lifestyle modifications if diabetic

Advise 
Diet

a. Recommendation for patient with BMI between 21 and 25 kg/m2

The current body weight is consistent with a BMI in the normal range (18.5-24.9kg/m2). Patients should be advised to maintain their weight in this range

Advise

Diet

BMI level of less than 18.4 kg/m2 to 16 kg/m2 pose significant effect on disease progression, irrespective of other co-existing conditions

Assess
 

• Look for History of unintended weight loss, appetite, and oral intake, dietary assessment, vital signs, anemia, pedal edema, medical condition, socioeconomic condition, Family History

Advise
 

BMI level of less than 16 kg/m2 in men and less than 14 kg/m2 in women pose a threat to life, irrespective of other co-existing conditions. 
Assess

• Look for History of unintended weight loss, appetite, and oral intake, dietary assessment, vital signs, anemia, pedal edema, medical condition, socioeconomic condition, Family History.

   

Advise

BMI level of less than 14 kg/m2 in men and less than 12 kg/m2 in women pose a threat to life, irrespective of other co-existing conditions.
Assess

• Look for History of unintended weight loss, appetite, and oral intake, dietary assessment, vital signs, anemia, pedal edema, medical condition, socioeconomic condition, Family History

   

Advise

AFB Smear and NAAT Test (LPA/CBNAAT/TRUENAT)

• Two specimens are to be collected: One must be a morning specimen and sent for AFB Smear. Induction of sputum with hypertonic saline may be used in patients who are unable to produce sputum spontaneously.
• If a smear-positive (AFB-positive) specimen shows results for M.TB but is not detected by NAAT technology, the specimen should be inoculated for LC/LJ culture to check the presence of NTM. 
• NAAT (LPA/CBNAAT/TRUENAT) detect only M. TB Complex ……..NOT NTM.

• The symptoms are often nonspecific, such as chronic cough, increased sputum production, dyspnoea, low-grade fever, malaise, and weight loss, and overlap clinical characteristics with pulmonary TB.

• Radiological imaging is important when NTM lung disease is suspected. The broad range of radiological patterns seen in NTM lung disease includes bronchiectasis, nodular lesions, cavitary lesions, and parenchymal consolidation. 

The clinician must integrate clinical, radiographic, and microbiological data to make a diagnosis of NTM lung disease, but it can be confirmed by 

• At least two positive cultures from sputum. 
• One positive culture in the case of bronchoscopic wash or lavage, or 
• A transbronchial or other lung biopsies with a positive culture for NTM or compatible histopathological features such as granulomatous inflammation or stainable acid-fast bacilli (AFB).