Working with a Microscope
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Cartridge-based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) is used to detect Mycobacteria tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance using GeneXpert IV Dx system and the Xpert MTB/ RIF cartridge.
The CBNAAT system integrates and automates sample processing, nucleic acid amplification, and detection of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance.
The system utilises the use of single-use disposable CBNAAT cartridges that hold the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) reagents and hosts the PCR process.
The process involves the following steps:
In Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy, the carbol fuchsin fuchsin stain is heated to enable the dye to penetrate and bind the waxy mycobacterial cell wall. Following acid-decolourisation, the sputum smear is counterstained with methylene blue which stains the background material, providing a contrast blue colour against which the red AFB can be seen.
A tender is an invitation to bid for a project or accept a formal offer.
Direct purchase enables a buyer to buy services of value up to Rs. 25,000, which meets the requisite quality, specifications and delivery period without comparison(except automobiles), through any of the available sellers on the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) portal.
Steps include:
1.Login to the GeM portal as a buyer

2. Click on Market--> Services
Depending upon the total value of procurement, the GeM platform provides three primary buying modes:

GeM stands for Government e-Market Place. It is the digital eCommerce portal for the procurement and selling of goods and services by the Government of India.

Fig 1: Logo of GeM
Source:https://gem.gov.in