Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), such as hypothyroidism, may occur from the Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment regimen.
 Figure: Symptoms of Hypothyroidism |
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Suspected agent(s): Ethionamide (Eto), Para Aminosalicylic Acid (PAS)
Suggested Management Strategies: |
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), such as haematological abnormalities, may occur from the Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment regimen.
Suspected agent(s): Linezolid (Lzd)
Suggested Management Strategies
Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR), such as giddiness, may occur from the Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment regimen.
Suspected agent(s) - Amikacin (Am), Ethionamide (Eto), Fluoroquinolone (FQ) and/or Pyrazinamide (Z)
Suggested Management Strategies
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), such as diarrhoea and/or flatulence, may occur from the Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment regimen.
Suspected agent(s): Para Aminosalicylic Acid (PAS), Ethionamide (Eto)
Suggested Management Strategies
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), such as gastritis and abdominal pain, may occur from the Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treatment regimen.
Suspected agent(s): Para Aminosalicylic Acid (PAS), Ethionamide (Eto), Clofazimine (Cfz), Linezolid (Lzd), Fluoroquinolone (FQs), Isoniazid (H), Ethambutol (E), and Pyrazinamide (Z)
The anti-TB drugs recommended for treatment of Multi- and Extensively Drug-resistant (M/XDR) TB patients are grouped into three groups – A, B and C (Figure below).
Figure: Groups A, B and C of Anti-TB Drugs used in Treatment of M/XDR-TB Patients
Figure: Summary of the Sustainable Development Goals
Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization (ACSM) activities must place the individual at the centre and bring in the family, community and society to bring about sustained changes in TB perceptions and behaviours. ACSM activities must target these 4 groups accordingly:
There are several communication channels for the effective dissemination of messages.
Below are various channels with their advantages and disadvantages listed.
Once Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilisation (ACSM) objectives are designed, linking them with activities strengthens the overall programme effectiveness. Several ACSM approaches can be considered for TB. Decisions on which approach or combination of approaches to use should take into account the benefits and risks, the time frame and the expertise and financial resources needed for effective implementation.
There are two parameters to determine:
(1) What ACSM activities to conduct?
(2) Which channels of communication to use?